Musculoskeletal Key

Syndactyly Syndactyly describes a variable fusion of the soft tissue or skeletal elements or both of adjacent digits, and it occurs when the normal processes of digital separation and web…

Acknowledgments: The authors wish to acknowledge the contributions of Professors Rod Hentz and Kazuteru Doi, who wrote an earlier rendition of this chapter on brachial plexus injury in adults, and…

Abstract Thumb hypoplasia may occur in isolation or as part of a broader spectrum of radial deficiencies. The classification of thumb hypoplasia is fairly straightforward and the treatment algorithm is…

Acknowledgments: The authors would like to acknowledge Mike Bednar, MD, who authored the previous edition of this chapter. We would also like to acknowledge Scott Oishi, MD, Brian O’Doherty, MD,…

Any child with congenital joint contractures in two or more limbs can be classified as having arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) ; the term does not specify any certain cause for…

Acknowledgments: The author wishes to recognize the work of previous authors, Drs. Robert Leffert, Vincent R. Hentz, and Michelle James, for their contributions to Green’s Operative Hand Surgery and this…

The annual incidence of spinal cord injury is approximately 12,000 new cases each year in the United States. The patient’s age at the time of injury has increased over time;…

Congenital anomalies affect 1 to 3% of newborns, and approximately 10% of these children have upper extremity abnormalities. The incidence of congenital anomalies has not changed appreciably over the last…

Although the decision to operate on a nerve is usually straightforward, as in the case of an open wound or when the injury is associated with unstable orthopedic trauma or…

Anatomy and Clinical Examination Skin is made up of the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers ( Figure 58.1 ). The epidermis possesses the following appendages: • Eccrine glands • Apocrine…