Co-occurring Depression and Pain in Multiple Sclerosis
Depression and pain are highly prevalent among individuals with multiple sclerosis, and they often co-occur. The purpose of this article is to summarize the literature and theory related to the…
Evoked Potentials in Multiple Sclerosis
Before the development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), evoked potentials (EPs)—visual evoked potentials, somatosensory evoked potentials, and brain stem auditory evoked responses—were commonly used to determine a second site of…
Cognition, Cognitive Dysfunction, and Cognitive Rehabilitation in Multiple Sclerosis
This article focuses on approaches and techniques for effective cognitive rehabilitation with people who have multiple sclerosis (MS). The patterns of preserved versus disrupted neuropsychological functions are reviewed. The relevant…
Movement Disorders in Multiple Sclerosis
Movement disorders constitute a subspecialty of neurology focusing on a variety of conditions characterized by hypokinetic, hyperkinetic, or abnormally coordinated movements including, among others, tremor, dystonia, parkinsonism, myoclonus, chorea, ballismus,…
Multiple Sclerosis and Fatigue
Fatigue is among the most common and debilitating symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS), affecting approximately 80% of persons who have the disease. Recently, as part of the National Institutes of…
Activities of Daily Living
Symptoms of multiple sclerosis can create mild to severe changes in a person’s abilities to perform activities of daily living. Occupational therapy assessment and treatment of impairments related to movement,…
Caregiving in Multiple Sclerosis
Thirty percent of persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) require caregiving owing to their disability, and 80% of care to pwMS is provided by informal unpaid caregivers. The average caregiver is…
Exercise in Multiple Sclerosis
Exercise is an intervention that may be used in the management of multiple sclerosis (MS). Certain exercise physiology characteristics are commonly seen among persons with MS, particularly in the more…
Spasticity Management in Multiple Sclerosis
Spasticity is a prevalent and potentially disabling symptom common in individuals with multiple sclerosis. Adequate evaluation and management of spasticity requires a careful assessment of the patient’s history to determine…
Gait Impairment and Optimizing Mobility in Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease that causes demyelination and degeneration within the brain and spinal cord. This may result in many impairments, including impaired ambulation, muscle weakness, abnormal…
