Musculoskeletal Key

Midfoot: Approach to the Cuboid The midfoot consists of the navicular, cuboid and cuneiform bones, their joints, and the four powerful muscles that insert into the midfoot that are responsible…

Applied Surgical Anatomy of the Approaches to the Ankle Overview The key structures that cross the ankle joint fall into specific groups. Tendons Three sets of tendons cross the ankle…

Applied Surgical Anatomy of the Approaches to the Hind Part of the Foot Surgery performed on the hind part of the foot is confined almost exclusively to three joints: the…

Medial Approach to the Sustentaculum Tali This approach to the hindfoot provides exposure to the sustentaculum tali as well as the flexor tendons on the medial side of the foot….

Hindfoot Nailing for Subtalar and Ankle Joint Fusion (Plantar Approach) This approach is used only for hindfoot fusions that are to be treated by nailing. This technique is usually used…

Medial Approach to the Plantar Fascia This approach is used for release of the medial band of the plantar fascia. The main neurovascular bundle to the foot could be endangered…

Posteromedial, Posterolateral, and Posterior Midline Approaches for Excision of Calcaneal Exostosis (Haglund’s Deformity) These approaches are used for the removal of a Haglund’s deformity (“pump bumps”). This deformity may occur…

Lateral Approach for Osteotomy of the Calcaneus (Vertical Portion of the Calcaneal Incision) This approach is used for calcaneal osteotomies in cases in which the calcaneal fracture has healed and…

Lateral Approach to the Calcaneus The lateral approach to the calcaneus is primarily used for open reduction and internal fixation of calcaneal fractures. Such fractures are always associated with significant…

Posterolateral Approach to the Posterior Talus The posterolateral approach is used to treat pathology of the posterior aspect of the talus and ankle joint. It is well suited for open…