Musculoskeletal Key

Stress Fractures in Athletes Kurt P. Spindler MD Michael S. George MD Christopher C. Kaeding MD Annunziato Amendola MD Key Points Stress fractures behave differently according to their anatomical site…

High Tibial Osteotomy Tim Spalding MB, BS, FRCS Orth Price A.M. Gallie MB, BS, FRACS Key Points High tibial osteotomy remains one of the important options for surgical treatment of…

Stress Fractures of the Athletic Leg, Ankle, and Foot Donald R. Bohay MD, FACS Jonathan P. Cornelius MD John G. Anderson MD Key Points Military personnel are more prone to…

Chronic Compartment Syndrome Robert A. Pedowitz MD, PhD Derek W. Weichel BS Key Points Compartment syndrome is a condition of elevated pressure within a space bounded by bone and/or fascia…

Chondral Injuries in the Knee F. Alan Barber MD, FACS Key Points Articular cartilage is a smooth, viscoelastic, hypocellular structure that provides a low coefficient of friction. The treatment of…

Cartilage Transplantation Alberto Gobbi MD Ramces A. Francisco MD Key Points Properties that are unique to articular cartilage enable an almost frictionless joint movement and afford protection to the underlying…

Tendon Disorders William D. Stanish MD, FRCSC, FACS Horacio Yepes MD Amro Al-Hibshi Mbchb, FRCSC Key Points Chronic tendon disorders are widely called tendinosis. Inflammatory response to trauma seems most…

Muscle Strains and Contusions Michael P. Swords DO Douglas P. Dietzel DO Key Points Muscle injuries occur in high-level athletes in active competition as well as nonathletes in the course…

Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee Dawn L. Swarm MD Robert A. Pedowitz MD, PhD Key Points Traditionally, osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is divided into juvenile (open physes) and adult (closed physes)…

Posterior Cruciate Ligament and Posterolateral Reconstruction Gregory C. Fanelli MD Key Points The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is integral to knee joint stability and is the primary restraint to posterior…