Found in 50% to 80% of normal human adenoid tissue (tonsils)

Respiratory and conjunctival infections

Vaccine, live attenuated

High incident in military

Parenteral route, STD

Acute and chronic states

Vaccine, purified HBsAg

Incubation 4 to 12 weeks

HBsAg is found on the surface of the viral particles, and its presence indicates that the patient has been infected with the hepatitis B virus.

HBsAb is the hepatitis B antibody, and its presence indicates that the patient is now immune from the disease and noninfectious.

Oral herpes (cold sores, fever blisters)

Trigeminal ganglion cells (latency)

STD

Genital herpes

Lumbar/sacral ganglion cells (latency)

Intranuclear inclusion bodies

Varicella (chicken pox)/skin

Zoster (shingles)/dorsal root ganglion

Multinucleated giant cells

African Burkitt lymphoma/B-lymphoid cells

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Infectious mononucleosis

Birth defects

Serious infection in immunocompromised

Common warts (verrucae)

Genital warts (condyloma acuminatum)

Associated with benign and malignant tumors

Found in 70% of normal adults

Less significant in humans/initiates tumors in mice

Monkey virus that can initiate tumors in mice

Transient aplastic crisis (TAC) in people with hemolytic (smallest virus) anemia (i.e., sickle cell anemia)

Canine parvo

Adeno-associated viruses

Needs helper virus to replicate

Smallpox/skin

Respiratory route

Eliminated in 1977

Guarnieri inclusion bodies in cytoplasm

Vaccine, living attenuated

Benign, wart-like epidermal tumor

Spread by direct (STD) or indirect (towels, Jacuzzi) contact

Ebola virus

Acute hemorrhagic fever

Humans, animals, birds

Epidemic every 2 to 3 years; pandemic every 10 to 11 years

Vaccine, killed virus (short-term immunity)

Humans only

Epidemic 4 to 6 years

Vaccine, killed virus (short-term immunity)

Less severe than influenza A

Humans only

No epidemics

Less severe than influenza B

Common respiratory infections

Respiratory route

Infected parotid glands

Complications, orchitis, encephalomyelitis

Vaccine, living attenuated virus (part of the MMR vaccine)