The literature search yielded 11 seasonal studies [15–17, 19–26] and 8 studies [27–34] presenting data from training camps or tournament play, representing a total of ten sports. Of these, most studies were on football players [19–22, 27, 31–34], while the others captured rugby union [15], track and field [16], handball [17], rowing [23], badminton [24], gymnastics [25, 26], wrestling [29], field hockey [28], and tennis [30]. Keeping the varying length of study periods in mind, all from some days during a tournament up to 10 years [21], the number of included participants and injuries varied, too, with a small sample size in most cases. Almost all studies chose a prospective study design [15–17, 19–22, 25], and “time loss” was generally a criteria in their data collection procedures [15–17, 19–29, 31, 32]. Injury risk was lower during seasonal activities than during tournament play.

For winter sports and young elite athletes, significantly fewer studies exist on injury surveillance: two studies on male and female alpine [18] and female ice hockey athletes [14] with a population follow-up period between 1 and 5 years. In addition, Ruedl et al. [11] published injury data through the 10 days of the first Winter Youth Olympic Games, including 1,021 athletes, aged 14–19. Data from this multisport event were presented for alpine, curling, ice hockey, ice track, Nordic skiing, skating, and snowboard athletes. All three studies followed their populations prospectively [11, 14, 18], and two of them applied the “medical attention injury definition” to their data collection [11, 14]. Injuries varied between cohorts and were chosen to be described by either “injuries per season per athlete” [14, 18], per 1,000 h of exposure to sport [14, 18], or per participating athletes [11], making direct comparisons on injury risk across sports difficult.