Bunion (Hallux Valgus)

Description

A bunion is a bony protrusion (bump) from the inside edge of the joint at the base of the big (first) toe. The first toe points toward the smaller toes.

Common signs and symptoms

• An outward-turned first toe that may overlap the second toe

• Thickened skin over the bony protrusion at the base of the first toe (callus)

• Occasionally, fluid accumulation under the thickened skin, which may become red, tender, and swollen (inflamed) with constant irritation or pressure

• Foot pain and stiffness

Causes

Bunions have various causes, including genetics: you may be born with or predisposed to them, and others in your family may have them. However, when the big toe is forced into a position in which it overlaps other toes, a bunion can result, so bunions are also associated with wearing shoes with a narrow toe box (pointy shoes).

Factors that increase risk

• Family history of foot abnormalities, especially bunions

• Arthritis

• Narrow shoes, particularly those with high heels

Preventive measures

• Wear wide-toed shoes that fit well, and avoid shoes with high heels.

• Wear a small pad between the big toe and second toe.

• Maintain appropriate conditioning that includes foot and ankle flexibility and muscle strength and endurance.

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