Arthroscopic Repair for Initial Anterior Dislocation



Fig. 7.1
Lateral decubitus position with abduction and lateral traction arm holder



Additionally a role is placed in the axilla to enable the surgeon to have a clear and good view to the 6 o’clock position and an overview over the rest of glenoid, labrum, and capsule.

For a better orientation, the anatomical landmarks are marked, and a posterior standard portal is created first to insert the scope (Fig. 7.2).

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Fig. 7.2
Anatomical landmarks and arthroscopic portals for a left shoulder

Under visualization the anterosuperior and anteroinferior portals are generated using a spinal needle. This allows for accurate portal placement. After a diagnostic overview, the displaced labrum is visualized, and a probe is used to determine the size of the defect, followed by neck roughening to support healing with a rasp or burr (Figs. 7.3 and 7.4). To refix and reduce the capsule, a “suture fist” technique is used in which a PDS-0 is passed through the labrum and capsule at the 6 o’clock position. A suture anchor is then placed at the 7 o’clock position (left shoulder), and a high strained number 2 suture is then shuttled through the labrum and capsule by using the PDS (Fig. 7.5). If a double-loaded suture anchor is used, this can be repeated to even more the IGHL retention. If necessary a mattress stitch configuration can be performed (Fig. 7.6). Depending on the size of the Bankart lesion, two to three anchors are placed in the same technique for labral refixation (Fig. 7.7). It is very important to take normal variations of labral configurations, such as a Buford complex or a cord-like MGHL. Postoperative protocol is shown in Table 7.1.

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Fig. 7.3
Arthroscopic view of Bankart lesion (L inferior labrum, L* anteroinferior labrum, G glenoid)


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Fig. 7.4
Glenoid decortication for improved healing using a shaver


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Fig. 7.5
First anchor placement at the 7 o’clock position


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Fig. 7.6
Mattress stitches for IGHL retention to address capsular stretching


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Fig. 7.7
Final repair with optimal labrum reposition and posterior knot position to prevent cartilage damage



Table 7.1
Postoperative protocol for arthroscopic Bankart repair




























Postoperative treatment

Range of motion

1–4 weeks

Immobilizer

Immediate initiation of pendulum exercise

Codman’s only

Rotator cuff isometrics

4–6 weeks

AROM and AAROM

 Forward elevation: 90°

 Abduction: 90°

 External rotation: 30°

6–8 weeks

Full active range of motion exercise and scapula setting

>8 weeks

Strengthening but defer military press, bench press, incline press for 3 months

4–5 months

Sports-specific training

5–6 months

Return to full and contact sports


AROM active range of motion, AAROM active-assisted range of motion




References



1.

Arciero RA, Wheeler JH, Ryan JB, McBride JT. Arthroscopic Bankart repair versus nonoperative treatment for acute, initial anterior shoulder dislocations. Am J Sports Med. 1994;22(5):589–94.CrossRefPubMed


2.

Bigliani LU, Pollock RG, Soslowsky LJ, Flatow EL, Pawluk RJ, Mow VC. Tensile properties of the inferior glenohumeral ligament. J Orthop Res. 1992;10(2):187–97.CrossRefPubMed


3.

Boone JL, Arciero RA. First-time anterior shoulder dislocations: has the standard changed? Br J Sports Med. 2010;44(5):355–60.CrossRefPubMed

Dec 2, 2017 | Posted by in ORTHOPEDIC | Comments Off on Arthroscopic Repair for Initial Anterior Dislocation

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