Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia

Description

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia is a condition in which the right ventricle of the heart is replaced by fatty and scar tissue, resulting in an enlarged heart that is susceptible to abnormal heart rhythms. The condition is thought to be inherited in about 25% to 50% of cases, and it can lead to sudden death.

Common signs and symptoms

• Rapid heart rate (tachycardia) with exercise

• Weakness

• Feeling your heart beat rapidly in your chest (palpitations)

• Poor exercise tolerance

• Shortness of breath

• Increased work of breathing (dyspnea)

• Swelling of the feet (edema)

Causes

The reasons why the muscle tissue of the right ventricle of the heart is replaced by scar tissue and fatty tissue are not known, but the condition has been studied most intensely in northern Italy, where it is a prevalent cause of sudden death in athletes. The disease process produces a right ventricle that is dilated and susceptible to abnormal heart rhythms called arrhythmias. The abnormal rhythms are believed to reduce the heart’s ability to pump blood to the body, resulting in the symptoms described.

Factors that increase risk

• A family history of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia

Preventive measures

• Medications such as β-blockers to decrease the work of the heart

• Elimination of heavy training and strenuous sports participation

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