V | Musculoskeletal Key

, Juraj Payer² and Manfred Herold³

(1)

National Institute for Rheumatic Diseases, Piestany, Slovakia

(2)

Fifth Department of Internal Medicine, Comenius University University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia

(3)

Department of Internal Medicine VI, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

Vaccine Active, but attenuated or dead pathogenic microorganisms, vaccine particles or products, which contain antigens able to stimulate specific humoural or T-cell immune response, producing immunity against these microorganisms.

Vasculitis Vasculitis is an inflammatory disease of blood vessels leading to thickening and/or fibrosis of the wall, with subsequent obliteration of its lumen.

► Clinical symptoms

Clinical syndromes are the consequence of ischaemia of tissues supplied by the affected vessels associated with systemic symptoms (fever, weight loss, anorexia).
► Classification

Most frequently done on the basis of the size of blood vessels affected.

Large: Giant cell arteritis, Takayasu arteritis
Medium: Polyarteritis nodosa, Kawasaki disease, isolated CNS vasculitis
Small: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis, Churg–Strauss arteritis, Henoch–Schönlein purpura, essential cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis, hypersensitivity vasculitis, vasculitis associated with connective tissue diseases, vasculitis due to viral infection

Diagnosis is established by the clinical picture, blood tests including serum ANCA, and biopsy of relevant tissues.

Vertebrogenic algic syndrome This represents a common diagnostic and therapeutic problem in neurology, rheumatology, orthopaedics and rehabilitation therapy. Two types of disease should be distinguished, namely, those with morphological defects (with symptoms and signs of locomotor system disease on X-ray or in laboratory findings) and those with functional defects without morphological and laboratory changes.

Vertebrogenic algic syndrome is a common term used for all painful conditions that originate from the vertebral column or from its surrounding soft structures (muscles, ligaments, fascia and insertions). Nociceptive stimulation evokes a pathological process in the affected spinal segment with radiating pain, muscle spasm and the development of hyperalgic skin and muscle zones which are referred to as vertebrogenic algic syndrome. Contrary to radicular vertebrogenic algic syndrome, there are no signs of spinal nerve palsy.

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