Asif M. Ilyas, MD, Editor

Wong and Abraham present a detailed review of musculoskeletal neoplasms of the upper extremity. Biopsy principles and the differential diagnosis of common lesions in the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and hand are discussed. Moreover, surgical considerations are also presented relative to the type of neoplasm and location.

Horneff and colleagues discuss Propionibacterium acnes infections in shoulder surgery. P acnes infections are common gram-positive bacteria endemic on our skin that can complicate shoulder surgery. Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment for P acnes infections are reviewed.

Patel and colleagues discuss the management of shoulder instability associated with glenohumeral bone loss. In particular, instability associated with Hill-Sachs and bony Bankart defects can pose a unique challenge. Their diagnosis, evaluation, and surgical treatment, including soft tissue and bony reconstruction, are discussed.

Miller and colleagues present several cases and a review of the literature on “Thrower’s Fractures.” These fractures represent spiral fractures of the humerus caused by forceful throwing, most commonly associated with baseball pitching. A review of three cases, the phases of throwing, diagnosis, the possible relationship with a preceding stress fracture, and their management are discussed in detail.

Following the theme of throwing injuries, Kancherla et al review thrower’s injuries to the elbow. The elbow is exposed to high valgus and extension loads with throwing that can lead to a number of chronic and acute pathologies. A detailed review of the pathomechanics, physical exam findings, applicable diagnostic studies, and treatment options is presented.