Chapter 33 Protective Devices

33.1 Cushions

OVERVIEW.

A cushion is a case filled with soft or resilient material that can be used during sitting, reclining, or kneeling activities.¹ Examples include use of wheelchair cushions for sitting and use of a bed pillow for head support.

CONTRAINDICATIONS AND PRECAUTIONS

ADVERSE EVENTS

REFERENCES

1 Webster’s third new international dictionary. Springfield (MA: Merriam-Webster, 1981.

2 Roberts KL, Brittin M, deClifford J. Boomerang pillows and respiratory capacity in frail elderly women. Clin Nurs Res. 1995;4(4):465-471.

3 Garber SL. Wheelchair cushions: a historical review. Am J Occup Ther. 1985;39(7):453-459.

33.2 Restraints

OVERVIEW.

A restraint is a device used to help immobilize a patient. A physical restraint is a manual, physical, or mechanical device that the patient cannot easily remove and that restricts freedom to move. Drug restraints are nonstandard medication treatments, used to control patient behavior and restrict freedom of movement.¹ The purpose/rationale of using restraints has been to reduce fall-related injuries from chairs, beds, and during ambulation, to reduce wandering-related injuries, and to implement invasive medical care such as IV lines. Despite these reasons, physical restraint use has led to instances of strangulation, chest compression asphyxiation, escape-related trauma, and skin and nerve injuries.²

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