Lower limb

41

Joints of the lower limb, Articulationes membri inferioris

41.1

Bony connections of the pelvic girdle, Juncturae cinguli pelvici

Name	Type of connection	Types of movements
Sacroiliac joint Articulatio sacroiliaca	rigid joint,amphiarthrosis	flexibility and rotation by a few millimeters as a consequence of pelvic deformations caused by various forces
Ligg. sacroiliaca anterioraLigg. sacroiliaca posterioraLigg. sacroiliaca interosseaLig. sacrotuberaleLig. sacrospinale
Pubic symphysis,Symphysis pubica	cartilaginous, synchondrosis with Discus interpubicus
Lig. pubicum superiusLig. pubicum inferius

41.2

Joints of the free lower limb, Articulationes membri inferioris liberi

Name of joint	Type of joint	Types of movements
Hip joint Articulatio coxae	spheroidal/ball and socket joint,Articulatio spheroidea	• flexion (anteversion) • extension (retroversion) • adduction • abduction • medial rotation • lateral rotation
Knee joint Articulatio genus	pivot (rotary) and ginglymus (hinge) joint,‘trochoginglymus’	• flexion • extension • medial rotation (only possible in a flexed position) • lateral rotation (only possible in a flexed position)
Upper tibiofibular joint Articulatio tibiofibularis	rigid joint,amphiarthrosis	limited sliding movements in transverse and vertical directions as well as limited rotations
Lower tibiofibular connection Syndesmosis tibiofibularis	syndesmosis	embracing of the malleolar mortise; with dorsiflexion in the ankle joint, the malleolar mortise widens slightly
Talocrural (ankle) joint Articulatio talocruralis	hinge joint,ginglymus	• plantar flexion (lowering of the dorsum of the foot) • dorsal extension (elevation of the dorsum of the foot)
Subtalar joint Articulatio talotarsalis a) Articulatio talocalcaneonavicularis (= anterior section) b) Articulatio subtalaris (= posterior section; subtalar)	combined pivot-spheroidal jointspheroidal jointpivot joint	• medial rotation of the hindfoot (= inversion) • lateral rotation of the hindfoot (= eversion) along with CHOPART’s and LISFRANC’s joints • elevation of the medial margin of the foot (= supination) • elevation of the lateral margin of the foot (= pronation)
Transverse tarsal (midtarsal) joint Articulatio tarsi transversa (CHOPART’s joint) a) Articulatio talocalcaneonavicularis b) Articulatio calcaneocuboidea	rigid joint,amphiarthrosis	• torsion of the forefoot • limited plantar and dorsal movements • securing the longitudinal plantar arch of the foot (key joint of the flat foot)
Intertarsal joints a) Articulatio cuneonavicularis b) Articulationes intercuneiformes c) Articulatio cuneocuboidea	rigid joints,amphiarthroses	very restricted movements during adaptive changes of the foot while touching the ground, e. g. when walking
Tarsometatarsal joints Articulationes tarsometatarsales(LISFRANC’s joint)	rigid joints,amphiarthroses	• torsion of the forefoot • very limited plantar and dorsal movements
Intermetatarsal joints Articulationes intermetatarsales	rigid joints,amphiarthroses	very limited movements with torsion of the forefoot
Metatarsophalangeal joints Articulationes metatarsophalangeae	functionally restricted spheroidal joints	• flexion • extension • abduction (straddling toes) • adduction (squeezing toes together)
Interphalangeal joints Articulationes interphalangeae pedis	hinge joints,ginglymi	• flexion • extension of toes

41.3

Planes and axes of movement of joints of the lower limb

Fig. 8 Hip joint; movement in the sagittal plane. [ S700-L126 ]	Fig. 9 Hip joint; movement in the frontal plane. [ S700-L126 ]		Fig. 10 Hip joint; movement in the transverse plane. [ S700-L126 ]
Fig. 11 Knee joint; movement in the sagittal plane. * Due to the uneven curvature of the femoral condyles, the position of this axis changes significantly during movement (instantaneous axis). [ S700-L126 ]			Fig. 12 Knee joint; movement in the transverse plane. [ S700-L126 ]
Fig. 13 Talocrural joint; movement in the sagittal plane. Flexion and extension movements mainly occur in the talocrural joint. [ S700-L126 ]		Fig. 14 Subtalar joint; pronation and supination movements of the foot. Only gold members can continue reading. Log In or Register to continue Share this: Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window) Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Related Related posts: Head Neck Trunk Upper limb Cranial nerves First Ray Osteomyelitis Stay updated, free articles. Join our Telegram channel Tags: Joints and Nerves, Sobotta Learning Tables of Muscles Aug 6, 2023 \| Posted by drzezo in ORTHOPEDIC \| Comments Off on Lower limb Full access? Get Clinical Tree Get Clinical Tree app for offline access Get Clinical Tree app for offline access