Humerus, proximal
Classification
The Müller AO Classification 180
Introduction
12.1 Humerus, proximal—introduction Reto Babst, Christoph Sommer 181
1 Introduction 181
1.1 Incidence 181
1.2 Current methods of treatment 181
1.3 Indication and contraindications for MIPO 181
2 Surgical anatomy 181
3 Preoperative assessment 183
4 Operative procedure 184
4.1 Patient and image intensifier positioning 184
4.2 Landmarks and surgical approach 184
4.3 Reduction and fixation 185
5 Pearls 189
6 Further reading 190
Cases
12.2 Humerus, proximal: extraarticular multifragmented fracture with extension to the diaphysis (11-A3 and 12-C3) Christoph Sommer 191
12.3 Humerus proximal: extraarticular fracture—11-A3 Reto Babst 197
12.4 Humerus, proximal: proximal humeral shaft fracture with extension into the humeral head—12-B2.1 Reto Babst 205
12.5 Humerus, proximal: intraarticular bilateral fracture (right side: four-part varus displaced fracture 11-C2, left side: four-part valgus displaced fracture 11-C2) Yves P Acklin, Christoph Sommer 211
Classification
Although the Müller AO Classification and other classifications, like the Neer classification, are well accepted for clinical purposes, all lack good inter- and intraobserver reliability. In this chapter the Müller AO Classification has been used for the purpose of clarity regarding the indications for operative fracture treatment.
The Müller AO Classification
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