Congenital absence of a digit.

A polyostotic fibrous dysplasia with an associated endocrine abnormality. Clinical signs include café au lait spots and precocious puberty.

Pain produced by a non-noxious stimulus.

Loss of sensation.

A partial or complete ring-like constriction around one of the limbs of the fetus during development caused by early rupture of the amnion, with the chorion remaining intact.

Thinnest part of the metatarsal where the shaft meets the head, located proximal to the surgical head.

Aspiration of a joint.

Incomplete expansion of the lungs, collapse of alveoli. This is the number one reason for post-op fever.

Repetitive, involuntary, slow, sinuous, writhing movements, especially severe in the hands.

Injury to an axon that results in Wallerian degeneration. The nerve can regenerate over time.

A lesion on the anterior dorsal lateral aspect of the articular cartilage of the talus caused by rubbing from a hypertrophic anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament.

Sudden paralysis on one side of the face. Named after the physician who first described it. In the majority of patients, there is a preceding condition such as stress, fatigue, or a common cold. The disorder involves the seventh cranial nerve and the facial muscles it supplies. Patients usually recover completely within several months.

An ankle fusion salvage procedure used when the talar body is missing or cannot be salvaged. Consists of an anterior sliding tibial graft into the head of the talus.

BMI is used as a screening tool to determine body fat percentage to indicate whether a person is underweight, overweight, or obese. Also referred to as Quetelet index.

Electrocautery.

A foci of bone destruction caused by osteomyelitis filled with pus or connective tissue.

Suturing of a joint capsule.

A malignant tumor arising from epidermis or visceral organ cells and tends to give rise to metastases.

A burning pain due to a specific peripheral nerve.

A symptom of MS consisting of nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech (syllables are separated by pauses).

Repeating cycle of gradual increase in depth of breathing followed by gradual decrease in depth of breathing until apnea occurs. Seen in CNS disorders and uremia.

The midtarsal joint.

A clinical test to diagnose increased blood calcium levels. A light tap on the facial nerve will cause the facial muscles to contract.

Scar.

Congenital curly toe.

Determines whether a rearfoot varus deformity is flexible or rigid. The patient is placed on a wooden block 1 inch thick such that the entire foot is standing on the block except the medial forefoot. In a flexible rearfoot varus, the 1st metatarsal will plantarflex down to the ground and the rearfoot varus will evert into a corrected position.

Symptoms which are indicative of disorders of the whole body. Symptoms involving more than one body system (i.e., fever, chills, weight loss, excessive sweating).

The early sign of avascular necrosis, which represents a subchondral fracture through the insertion of the individual trabeculae.

A ridge in the plantar articular surface of the 1st metatarsal head that separates the sesamoids.

Axillary freckling, pathognomonic for von Recklinghausen disease.

A smooth “S” configuration formed by the talonavicular and calcanealcuboid joints seen on a lateral x-ray. In the ideal foot, the cyma line is intact. With a pronated foot the cyma, line is anteriorly displaced, meaning that the talonavicular joint is anterior to the calcanealcuboid joint and does not follow a nice “S” shape. With a supinated foot, the talonavicular joint is posteriorly displaced.

Cytochrome P450 constitutes a family of enzymes that metabolize a variety of endogenous and exogenous substances in the liver, most notably drugs. The 450 comes from the fact that they maximally absorb light at 450 nm wavelength. The significance of the enzyme comes from the fact that many drugs may be largely dependent on a single form of P450 for their metabolism in the liver. If the enzyme is actively metabolizing a particular drug and another drug is administered that relies on the same for P450 for its metabolism, the drug may reach toxic levels at relatively low doses.

To dry out.

Dislocation or separation of two normally attached bones.

Pain, one of the classic signs of inflammation.

An autosomal abnormality with mental retardation. Classic facial features include an epicanthal fold, thick lips, large tongue with deep furrows, and a small nose with a broad bridge. Other features may include a broad short neck, clinodactyly of the fifth finger,
syndactyly, polydactyly, and a simian line (a single transverse palmer crease).

Difficulty swallowing.

Painful sexual intercourse.

The final end product of bone sclerosis and is sometimes used as a term that is synonymous with bone sclerosis.

Bruise.

“Lobster claw” foot.

Collagen and elastic tissues are abnormal, resulting in thin, easily stretched hyperelastic skin. Ligamentous laxity, resulting in flat feet, genu valgus, congenital hip dislocation, and scoliosis. Aortic aneurysm is common.

The interstitial connective tissue in a peripheral nerve, surrounds a single nerve fiber.

Inflammation of the entheses, the site where a tendon or ligament attaches to bone.

Disorder involving the attachment of a ligament or tendon to bone.

The sheath of a peripheral nerve.

Scab.

An abnormal bone growth where normal bone is replaced with fibrous bone tissue. Radiographically, it is often described as having a ground-glass appearance. Causes abnormal swelling and expansion of the bone.

Abnormal communication between two hollow, epithelialization organs or between a hollow organ and the exterior (skin).

Bladder catheter.

Failure to raise the foot during the swing phase of gait. Often results in a “slapping” gait. Causes may include CVA, trauma, CMT, polio, Friedreich ataxia, infection, spinal tumor/lesion, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Dejerine-Sottas syndrome.

Knock knees, often seen in obese female children.

Bowleg, may be associated with Rickets, abnormal Ca and Ph metabolism, or Blount disease.

A bone saw that consists of a flexible roughened wire used to cut through bone.

A classic sign of pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy. Because of muscle weakness, patients raise themselves to the standing position by crawling up their legs.

A subchondral radiolucent band in the proximal talus. This indicates bone resorption and revascularization following AVN.

Used in the diagnosis of metatarsus adductus, the deformity persists as viewed plantarly when the foot is lifted by the toes.

Hard corn over the top of the toe.