Examination of the Lower Limb




(1)
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA

 



Electronic supplementary material 

The online version of this chapter (doi:10.​1007/​978-3-319-39694-1_​24) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.



24.1 Motor Examination


Muscles are tested and graded using the MRC system: 0: no function, 1: flicker, 2: movement with gravity eliminated, 3: movement against gravity, 4: movement against some resistance, 5: normal.

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Fig. 24.1
Ilio-psoas (femoral n and lumbar plexus directly): hip flexion


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Fig. 24.2
Quadriceps (femoral n): knee extension


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Fig. 24.3
Hip adductors (obturator n)


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Fig. 24.4
Hip abductors (superior gluteal n)


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Fig. 24.5
Gluteus maximus (inferior gluteal n): hip extension


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Fig. 24.6
Hamstrings (arrows) (sciatic n): knee flexion


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Fig. 24.7
Plantar flexion: gastrocnemius (tibial n)


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Fig. 24.8
Plantar flexion: soleus (tibial n)


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Fig. 24.9
Toe flexion: flexor digitorum, flexor hallucis longus (tibial n)


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Fig. 24.10
Tibialis posterior (tibial n): foot inversion in plantar flexion; the patient is asked to push the foot down and in against resistance. In the setting of a foot drop if this movement is lost, it suggests an L5 radiculopathy or a high sciatic nerve injury. This movement should be preserved in the setting of an isolated peroneal neuropathy

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Aug 29, 2017 | Posted by in ORTHOPEDIC | Comments Off on Examination of the Lower Limb

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