8.1 Communication

To communicate means to inform or make known.¹ This section will address issues regarding (1) general communication principles, (2) communicating bad news, (3) humor and communication, (4) select patient population interactions, (5) physician telephone calls, and (6) interpreters.

GENERAL COMMUNICATION PRINCIPLES

DELIVERING BAD NEWS

Delivering bad news may be broken down into six steps. Baile,³ who wrote to an oncology audience, describes a SPIKEs approach (Setting up, Patient Perceptions, Invitation by the patient, providing Knowledge, Empathizing, Summary and Strategy).

HUMOR TO COMMUNICATE

OVERVIEW.

Humor can be viewed as an intervention to promote health and well-being, cope with stress and illness, or establish rapport by appreciating the incongruity in life’s situations.

Four sources cited a total of seven concerns for humor when working with patients. Concerns ranged from one to three per source with nursing citing the largest number. The most frequently cited concern was making fun of others (cited by two sources).

PATIENT INTERACTIONS

The following section contains suggestions for interaction with individuals with visual, hearing, mental retardation, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injuries.

Visual Impairment, Person With

Hearing Impairment, Persons With

Cerebral Palsy, Persons With

Mental Retardation, Persons With

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