Chapter 21 – Pathology II Structured SBA

1. A patient with a scapular neck fracture undergoes a repair.

During the approach, which intermuscular interval exposes the glenoid?

A.

Deltoid and infraspinatus

B.

Deltoid and supraspinatus

C.

Infraspinatus and teres minor

D.

Supraspinatus and infraspinatus

E.

Teres minor and teres major

2. A front seat passenger sustains a native posterior hip dislocation in a road traffic collision, resulting in a nerve injury.

What is the root value of the injured nerve?

A.

L1, L2, L3, L4, L5

B.

L2, L3, L4, L5, S1

C.

L3, L4, L5, S1, S2

D.

L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

E.

L5, S1, S2, S3, S4

3. A kitchen knife injury causes a digital nerve transection, which is directly repaired after 2 days.

Which modality would be the first to return?

A.

Deep pressure

B.

Superficial pain

C.

Proprioception

D.

Light touch

E.

Vibration sense

4. During gait, which muscle function enables foot preposition?

A.

Concentric contraction of gastrocnemius

B.

Concentric contraction of tibialis anterior

C.

Eccentric contraction of extensor hallucis longus

D.

Eccentric contraction of peroneus longus

E.

Isometric contraction of soleus

5. A child with short stature and bowed legs has raised calcium and urinary phosphoethanolamine.

What is the most likely cause?

A.

Hypophosphatasia

B.

Renal osteodystrophy

C.

Type II vitamin D dependent

D.

Vitamin D resistant rickets

E.

Vitamin D deficiency rickets

6. Which physeal zone is affected by an autosomal recessive deficiency in B-glucocerebrosidase?

A.

Degenerative zone

B.

Maturation zone

C.

Proliferative zone

D.

Reserve zone

E.

Zone of provisional calcification

7. A child with a disproportionate dwarfism caused by a type II collagen problem affecting the reserve zone of his physis. His father also has this condition.

The most likely cause is which of the following?

A.

Achondroplasia

B.

Hunter’s syndrome

C.

Kniest syndrome

D.

Morqiou’s syndrome

E.

Pseudoachondroplasia

8. Which is a property of viscoelastic materials characterised by lost strain energy during loading and unloading?

A.

Creep

B.

Hysteresis

C.

Plastic deformation

D.

Stress relaxation

E.

Time-dependent strain behaviour

9. A skier sustains a soft tissue valgus stress injury to the knee, which is treated non-operatively with rest and physiotherapy.

What type of collagen will be produced between days 3 and 5?

A.

I

B.

II

C.

III

D.

V

E.

IX

10. A patient undergoes anterior cervical decompression and fusion, using iliac bone graft.

By which mechanism does the graft integrate?

A.

Creeping substitution

B.

Endochondral ossification

C.

Intramembranous ossification

D.

Primary bone healing

E.

Secondary bone healing

11. During a neurological examination, a patient has an absent knee jerk.

Which primary afferent fibres normally mediate the myotactic reflex?

A.

Aδ

B.

C

C.

Type Ia

D.

Type Ib

E.

Type II

12. A catheterised man with suspected cauda equina syndrome has his catheter tugged during a per rectal examination.

Which nerve is responsible for the afferent arm of this pathway?

A.

Deep perineal

B.

Dorsal penile

C.

Inferior anal

D.

Posterior scrotal

E.

Superficial perineal

13. What is the best way to increase unilateral external fixator rigidity in stabilising a distal radius fracture?

A.

Adding a stacked connecting bar

B.

Increasing pin diameter

C.

Increasing connecting bar diameter

D.

Reducing the pin separation distance in each fracture segment

E.

Reducing the distance between bone and connecting bars

14. In a locking plate construct, which element reduces axial forces across the fracture?

A.

Bicortical fixation

B.

Bone–plate interface

C.

Distance between fracture and screws

D.

Plate–screw interface

E.

Screw diameter

15. A 10-year-old with a femoral fracture is treated with a solid 5mm intramedullary nail.

What is the difference in torsional rigidity in comparison to a 10mm nail?

A.

½

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Chapter 21 – Pathology II Structured SBA

Abstract