Ankle Sprain, Acute
Description
Medial ankle sprains: There is one large, triangular ligament of the inner (medial) ankle that is stronger and more compact, making injuries to it less likely.
Frequent signs and symptoms
Pain, tenderness, and swelling in the ankle starts at the injured side and may progress to the whole ankle and foot with time.
Factors that increase risk
Activities in which the foot may land awkwardly—such as basketball, volleyball, and soccer—or walking or running on uneven or rough surfaces
Preventive measures
Appropriate conditioning includes ankle and leg flexibility, muscle strength and endurance, as well as balance-training activities.
Taping, protective strapping, bracing, and/or high-top shoes may help prevent injury. Initially, tape is best, but it loses most of its supportive function in 15 minutes.
Proper protective shoes may be helpful; high-top shoes with taping or bracing are more effective than either alone.
Possible complications
Frequent recurrence of symptoms may result in a chronic, repetitive problem. Appropriately addressing the problem the first time decreases the frequency of recurrence and optimizes healing time. Severity of the initial sprain does not predict the likelihood of later instability.
Medication
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medications, such as aspirin and ibuprofen (do not take within 7 days of surgery), are used to reduce inflammation. Take these as directed. Contact your doctor immediately if any bleeding, stomach upset, or allergic reaction occurs. Other minor pain relievers, such as acetaminophen, may also be used.
Heat and cold
Cold is used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation for acute and chronic injuries. Cold should be applied for 20 minutes every 2 to 3 hours for inflammation and pain and immediately after any activity that aggravates your symptoms. Use ice packs or an ice massage. Cold compressive wraps may also be used.