Fig. 1
(a) Set of a 13-gauge coaxial cannula (white arrow) and a 14-gauge large core needle. (b) Typical handheld device for core needle biopsy; the core needle shown in Fig. 1a will be placed into this device. (c) 14-gauge large core needle (white arrows) within the 13-gauge coaxial cannula in the postfire position; the long axis of the biopsy needle is parallel to the transducer (T), parallel to the chest wall (C-w) and inside the lesion (invasive cancer). (d) For full postfire needle documentation: perpendicular cross section of the 14-gauge large core needle (white arrow) inside the invasive cancer of Fig. 1c
Vacuum-assisted biopsy devices (VAB) typically use needles from 8-gauge to 11-gauge. They extract with one specimen significant more tissue compared with a 14-gauge core needle. The prior indication for this device is the clearing of suspicious calcifications mostly under stereotactic guidance [3, 6, 7]. For this guidance-technique a + 15 and a − 15 stereotactic image is obtained. In both stereotactic images the target is defined and the depth of the lesion is computer calculated. Pre- and postfire stereotactic images document the needle position (Fig. 2).
Fig. 2
+15° and −15° stereotactic image of a 9-gauge VAB-needle in the postfire position; the black crosses indicate the calculated target in either +15° and −15° stereotactic image
The ultrasound guided vacuum-assisted biopsy technique [3, 4] is used to compensate a poor visible ultrasound target, e.g., a diffuse growing lesion with or without palpable tissue stiffening, because of a bigger amount of removed tissue. Performing an ultrasound guided vacuum–assisted biopsy after administration of local anesthesia the biopsy needle is placed under the lesion not to hide a part of the lesion due to needle artefacts Fig. 3a–c. The option to remove a benign breast lesion of about 2.5 cm long-axis diameter is offered by this ultrasound guided vacuum-assisted biopsy technique Fig. 3d, e [8]. The documentation before biopsy is done in the same way as stated above for the large core needle biopsy in the postfire position. Using 3D–ultrasound a three-dimensional data set is acquired before and after biopsy. After tissue-extraction a marker should be inserted to make clear where the rest of the lesion is or the lesion was located.
Fig. 3
(a) Under US guidance: VAB-needle position below the lesion. (b) Lateral vacuum sucks the tissue into the open tissue acquisition chamber (black arrow). (c) Tissue is dissected by a rotating or oscillating cannula (arrow shows the direction of the movement of the dissecting cannula). (d) Before dissecting the tissue the fibroadenotic lesion is partial sucked into the open 8-gauge VAB-acquisition chamber. (e) Minimal hematoma in the lesion-bed after VAB-exstirpation of the fibroadenotic lesion seen in Fig. 3d