Aerobic

Chapter 11 Aerobic

11.1 Aerobic Exercises

OVERVIEW.

Aerobic exercise involves submaximal, rhythmic, repetitive activity that uses large muscle groups and requires increasing uptake of oxygen.¹ The goal for aerobic exercise is improved fitness (cardiovascular function), endurance (prolonged work without fatigue), maximal oxygen uptake (improved efficiency), conditioning (increased energy capacity), adaptation (ability to satisfy energy requirements at increasing activity levels), and the avoidance of deconditioning.

Some equipment used during these repetitive exercises includes ergometers, treadmills, aquatics, pulleys, weights, hydraulics, elastic resistive bands, robotics, and mechanical devices.

SUMMARY: CONTRAINDICATIONS AND PRECAUTIONS.

Aerobic exercise concerns chiefly center around cardiac disease (placing increasing O₂ demand on a stressed system), poorly controlled metabolic disorders (leading to potential cardiac complications), retinopathy (offending blood pressure and traction forces), orthopedic problems (if high impact on joints), neuropathies (sensory loss-related impact injuries; abnormal autonomic cardiac responses), renal/dialysis complications (poorly controlled comorbidities), and pregnancy (if mother or fetus are stressed).

Notes: (1) “Red flags” noted by one source ² are conditions that may present with serious symptoms and signs during exercise—not just aerobic exercise. These conditions and associated signs suggest timely medical referral and/or management. (2) Aerobic exercise is a broad topic with diverse source backgrounds; some concerns may overlap with resistive exercise (also see Resistive exercise).

PROCEDURAL CONCERNS

1 Cameron MH. Physical agents in rehabilitation: From research to practice. St. Louis: W.B. Saunders, 2003.

2 Musnick D, Hall C. Red flags: Potentially serious symptoms and signs in exercising patients. Appendix 2. In: Hall CM, Brody LT, editors. Therapeutic exercise: Moving toward function. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005.

3 Goodman CC, Snyder TEK. The endocrine and metabolic systems. In: Goodman CC, Boissonnault WG, Fuller KS, editors. Pathology: Implications for the physical therapist. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 2003.

4 Neid RJ, Franklin B. Promoting and prescribing exercise for the elderly. Am Fam Phys. 2002;65(3):419-426.

5 Goodman CC, Snyder TEK. Problems affecting multiple systems. In: Goodman CC, Boissonnault WG, Fuller KS, editors. Pathology: Implications for the physical therapist. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 2003.

6 Hoffman MD, Sheldahl LM, Kraemer WJ. Therapeutic exercise. DeLisa JA, editor. Rehabilitation medicine and rehabilitation: Principles and practice, ed 4, vol 1. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005.

7 American Diabetes Association. Physical activity/exercise and diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:S73-S77.

8 Albright A, Franz M, Hornsby G, et al. ACSM position stand: Exercise and type 2 diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32(7):1345-1360.

9 Goodman CC. The cardiovascular system. In: Goodman CC, Boissonnault WG, Fuller KS, editors. Pathology: Implications for the physical therapist. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 2003.

10 American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription, ed 6. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000.

11 Goodman CC. The respiratory system. In: Goodman CC, Boissonnault WG, Fuller KS, editors. Pathology: Implications for the physical therapist. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 2003.

12 Pagana KD, Pagana TJ. Mosby’s manual of diagnostic and laboratory tests, ed 2. St. Louis: Mosby, 2002.

13 Professional guide to diseases. ed 6. Springhouse (PA): Springhouse; 1998.

14 Bennett K. Therapeutic exercise for fibromyalgia syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome. In: Hall CM, Brody LT, editors. Therapeutic exercise: Moving toward function. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005.

15 Bezner JR. Impaired aerobic capacity/endurance. In: Hall CM, Brody LT, editors. Therapeutic exercise: Moving toward function. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005.

16 Tan JC. Practical manual of physical medicine and rehabilitation: Diagnostics, therapeutics, and basic problems. St. Louis: Mosby, 1998.

17 O’Grady M. Therapeutic and physical fitness exercise prescription. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2000;26:617-646.

18 Painter P, Blagg CR, Moore GE. Exercise for the dialysis patient. Madison (WI): The Life Options Rehabilitation Advisory Council Medical Education Institute, 1995.

19 Copley JB, Lindberg JS. The risks of exercise. Adv Renal Replac Ther. 1999;6(2):165-171.

20 Pierson FM, Fairchild SL. Principles and techniques of patient care, ed 3. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 2002.

21 ACOG Committee Obstetric Practice. ACOG Committee opinion. Number 267, January 2002: Exercise during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;99(1):171-173.

22 Goodman CC, Kelly Snyder TE. Laboratory tests and values. In: Goodman CC, Boissonnault WG, Fuller KS, editors. Pathology: Implications for the physical therapist. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 2003.

23 Consumer Product Safety Commission. Baby boomer sports injuries. April 2000. Available at: http://www.cpsc.gov/library/boomer.pdf. Accessed: October 26, 2005

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Jun 22, 2016 | Posted by admin in PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION | Comments Off

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