Retroarticular Drilling of Osteochondritis Dissecans
John D. Polousky
INTRODUCTION
Surgical drilling of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions is a commonly performed treatment for stable lesions in skel-etally immature patients. Drilling of OCD lesions is thought to facilitate healing by creating channels in the subchondral bone, which allow revascularization and, ultimately, bony union of the fragment.1 Outcomes of retroarticular and transarticular drilling techniques have been reported by multiple authors to produce high rates of healing.1,2 Transarticular drilling penetrates the articular cartilage to access the subchondral bone. Concerns with this technique have been the long-term consequences of perforating the articular cartilage. In contrast, retroarticular drilling allows perforation of the subchondral bone without violating the articular cartilage. Concerns with retroarticular drilling involve the need for intraoperative fluoroscopy and the potential for incomplete drilling because the lesion cannot be visualized directly. In a recent systematic review of the literature comparing transarticular drilling with retroarticular drilling, Gunton et al.1 concluded that both techniques produced high rates of radiographic healing and comparable patient-oriented outcomes.
TREATMENT
Retroarticular drilling was first described in a case report by Lee and Mercurio3 in 1981. Since then, multiple authors have reported retrospective case series of patients treated with similar technique. All series report generally good to excellent clinical outcomes and radiographic healing rates ranging from 83% to 100%.4,5,6,7,8
Indications
Stable OCD
Failure of nonoperative treatment
Open physes
Contraindications
Unstable OCD requiring fixation
Unsalvageable OCD
Closed physes
AUTHOR’S PREFERRED TREATMENT
Equipment
Arthroscope
0.062-in Kirschner wires (K-wires)
Micro Vector pin guide (Smith & Nephew, Memphis, TN) (Fig. 23.1A,B)Stay updated, free articles. Join our Telegram channel
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