Abstract
Ultrasound may be utilized to assist in locating the sacrococcygeal disc space and decreasing the radiation exposure associated with a purely fluoroscopic approach. Despite these benefits, ultrasound cannot consistently visualize structures (especially the needle tip) anterior to the sacrococcygeal line. The hybrid procedure (US placement with contrast-enhanced fluoroscopy) improves safety by recognizing vascular uptake and injection of visceral structures.
Keywords
Complex regional pain syndrome, Ganglion Impar, Injection, Pelvic Pain, Reflex Sympathetc Dystrophy, Ultrasound
Note: Please see pages ii , iii for a list of anatomic terms/abbreviations used throughout this book.
Ultrasound may be utilized to assist in locating the sacrococcygeal disc space and decreasing the radiation exposure associated with a purely fluoroscopic approach. Despite these benefits, ultrasound cannot consistently visualize structures (especially the needle tip) anterior to the sacrococcygeal line. The hybrid procedure (US placement with contrast-enhanced fluoroscopy) improves safety by recognizing and avoiding vascular uptake and injection of visceral structures.
Out-of-Plane Technique
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Patient is prone with appropriate positioning (see Fig. 8B.1 ).
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