28 Non-disc lesions of the thoracic spine comprise the following disorders: • Fracture of a transverse process • Localized lesion of costovertebral and costotransverse joints • Localized lesion of a facet joint Warning symptoms and signs that warrant the examiner’s attention are listed here and are summarized in Box 28.1. Box 28.1 Summary of warning signs • Gross limitation of both side flexions and rotations • Gross limitation of extension • Pain and limitation of side flexion away from the painful side as the only positive finding • Flexion with a rigid thoracic segment • Presence of one of following neurological signs:
Disorders of the thoracic spine
Non-disc lesions
Introduction
